Definition

Noun: A specific type of major depressive disorder characterized primarily by psychomotor retardation. The key features include a significant slowing down of physical movements, thought processes, and speech, accompanied by a profound lack of energy and initiative.

Usage

This is a clinical term used in psychiatry and psychology to describe a depressive episode with distinct symptomatic features. It specifies the nature of the depression based on observable psychomotor activity.

Examples

• The patient was diagnosed with retarded depression, exhibiting very slow speech and minimal spontaneous movement.
• Retarded depression often involves symptoms like fatigue, apathy, and slowed cognitive processing.
• His clinical presentation, marked by lethargy and psychomotor delay, was consistent with retarded depression.

Advanced Usage

• The term is used to differentiate this condition from other specifiers of depression, such as "depression with melancholic features" or "agitated depression," where increased motor activity may be present.
• In formal diagnostic settings, it may be part of a fuller description: "Major Depressive Disorder, single episode, severe, with psychomotor retardation."

Variants and Related Words

• Psychomotor retardation: The core symptom complex of slowed physical and mental activity.
• Melancholic depression: A depressive specifier that may overlap with but is not identical to retarded depression, often including severe anhedonia and diurnal mood variation.
• Agitated depression: A contrasting presentation featuring psychomotor agitation (e.g., pacing, hand-wringing) instead of retardation.

Synonyms

• Depression with psychomotor retardation
• Lethargic depression

Important Notes

• "Retarded" in this context is a specific clinical descriptor of speed and initiation (psychomotor retardation), not a general pejorative term. Its use is confined to professional medical and psychological terminology.
• This term is primarily found in older psychiatric literature and diagnostic frameworks. Modern diagnostic manuals (like the DSM-5) more commonly use the specifier "with psychomotor retardation" within major depressive disorder rather than the standalone term "retarded depression."

Noun

1. a state of clinical depression in which the individual is lethargic and slow to initiate action